
The Rankine cycle is a basic thermal cycle used in steam power plants to convert heat energy into mechanical work using water/steam.
🔧 4 Main Processes of the Rankine Cycle:
1. Process 1–2: Isentropic Compression (Pump)
Water is compressed in a pump from low to high pressure.
Temperature slightly increases.
In T–S: Vertical line up.
In H–S: Straight, steep rise.
2. Process 2–3: Constant Pressure Heat Addition (Boiler)
High-pressure water is heated and turned into high-pressure steam.
In T–S: Curve rising toward right.
In H–S: Curved or straight line rising.
3. Process 3–4: Isentropic Expansion (Turbine)
Steam expands in the turbine, doing work.
Pressure and temperature drop.
In T–S: Vertical line down.
In H–S: Slope down to right.
4. Process 4–1: Constant Pressure Heat Rejection (Condenser)
Steam is condensed into water at constant pressure.
In T–S: Horizontal line to the left.
In H–S: Horizontal drop.
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📊 T–S Diagram:
📈 H–S Diagram (Simplified):