
Probability plays a key role in data interpretation by helping us measure uncertainty and make predictions based on data. Instead of relying on guesses, probability gives us a way to express how likely an event is to happen — using numbers between 0 and 1 (or 0% to 100%).
In simple terms, probability helps answer questions like:
How confident are we in our results?
What are the chances this happened by random chance?
Can we trust the trend we’re seeing in the data?
Imagine you run an email campaign and get a 10% click-through rate. Using probability, you can test whether this result is significantly better than your average of 5% — or if it might have happened by chance.
You might use a statistical test to calculate a “p-value.”
If the p-value is very low (typically less than 0.05), you can say the result is statistically significant.